Ahmad Tohari (born 13 June 1948) is an Indonesian author.
Early life
Ahmad Tohari was born in the village of Tinggarjaya, Jatilawang,
Banyumas, the fourth of twelve children. Although Tohari's parents were both
from farming backgrounds, his father had received an education and, while
employed as director of the regional office for the Ministry of Religious
Affairs, was responsible for the establishment of the pesantren in Tinggarjaya.
Tohari's father has been described as a "progressive intellectual"
and under his guidance Tohari developed a deep understanding of Indonesian
politics and a strong sense of social and environmental responsibility. Tohari
has described himself as a mischievous child who often visited a neighboring
abangan village (one that practices a less orthodox version of the Islamic
faith). This experience, plus his mother's tolerance, gave Tohari the
opportunity to experience lifestyles different to his own. His mother maintained
good relations with a ronggeng dancer from a neighboring village, and it was
this that later provided Tohari with the background for the Ronggeng Dukuh
Paruk trilogy. Although Tohari's education in the pesantren developed by his
parents left him with deep religious convictions, as an adult his progressive
interpretation of Indonesian Islam has been criticized by some as being out of
step with the status quo. Tohari has described himself as a "progressive
religious intellectual" whose aim is to nurture a modern Islam that honors
Indonesia's diverse indigenous culture and traditions while following the
teaching of the Koran. Tohari's formal education ended with high school in
Purwokerto. He explored several faculties of economics, social and political
studies and medicine, but did not graduate from any of them. Tohari didn't
initially plan to become a novelist, preferring instead to study medicine at
the school of medicine of the Jakarta Islamic Hospital Foundation, but was
forced to leave for economic reasons.
Career
Tohari moved to Jakarta in the early 1970s and worked briefly Bank
Negara Indonesia (BNI) (1970–72), was editor of the newspaper Harian Merdeka
(1979-1981) and editor of the magazine Amanah (1986 - 1993). He began writing
short stories, poems and essays in the early 1970s while working for the BNI.
Initial recognition came in 1975 when he was named favorite short story writer
in a Dutch Radio Hilversum contest. Further success came in 1978 when his
novel, Di Kaki Bukit Cibalak (On the Foothill of Cibalak), won a novel writing
contest organized by the Jakarta Arts Council. In 1980, he published his novel,
Kubah (Dome). This was followed in 1981 with publication of the first book of
Tohari's famous trilogy, Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk, in series in the publication
Kompas daily. The second and third books, Lintang Kemukus Dini Hari (A Shooting
Star at Dawn) and Jentera Bianglala (The Rainbow's Arc), were published in 1985
and 1986 respectively. The trilogy and Kubah discussed in some detail the fate
of those accused of collaborating with the Communist Party after the 30
September Movement. This did affect publication. Although the trilogy was
serialized in Kompas, several sections of the final in the trilogy, Jentera
Bianglala, had to be rewritten as the daily feared publishing them in their
original form. The complete trilogy was later published with the previously
removed sections restored.
Having spent most of the 1970s and 1980s working in Jakarta, Tohari
decided to return to his village because he felt he did not belong in the city.
In interviews, Tohari has explained how his ideas for books, including Ronggeng
Dukuh Paruk, have often been inspired by things around his home village. Tohari
still lives in the Banyumas area and his experience of growing up in a small
village continues to color his literary works. Tohari is married with five
children.
Tohari is a prolific writer. Besides the aforementioned works he has
published a number of works, including eleven novels, three anthologies of
political and religious essays, two collection of short stories, and numerous
individual short stories and essays. Notable works include Bekisar Merah,
Belantik, Mas Mantri Gugat, Lingkar Tanah Lingkar Air. Many of the short
stories that were originally published in newspapers and magazines have been
collected into the compilations Senyum Karyamin and Nyanyian Malam. He is one
of only a few Indonesian writers who have written stories set against the
background of the Indonesian killings of 1965-66.
His books have been published in Japanese, Chinese, Dutch and German.
An English edition of Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk was published in 2003 by the Lontar
Foundation in Jakarta.
In 2011, the second film version of Tohari's novel Sang Penari (The
Dancer), produced by Shanty Harman and directed by Ifa Isfansyah, was screened
in Jakarta. Tohari has voiced his approval of this latest screen version of his
work, having previously expressed his disappointment in the 1983 version, Darah
dan Mahkota Ronggeng (Blood and Crown of the Dancing Girl), made by filmmaker
Yazman Yazid.
He has received several national and international awards for his
work, including the S.E.A. Write Award (Southeast Asian Writers Award) in 1995,
and a Fellowship through the International Writing Program in Iowa City, Iowa.
He has often written for the national newspaper Suara Merdeka, and the famous
weekly Tempo. He was staff editor for the Jakarta newspaper, Merdeka from 1979
until 1981, and General Editor for Amanah, a political and religious magazine,
from 1986 to 1993.
In 2009, Tohari set up a magazine called Ancas (Vision) in his home
town. Initially run by just 10 people, the aim of the magazine is to preserve
and promote the local Banyumasan language. The venture is proving to be a
successful one, with circulation growing from 2,000 to 3,500 in just two years.
With his family, he runs an Islamic school (pesantren), and is a well-known
export of Javanese folk arts, and a consultant for the regional office of the
Indonesian Ministry of Culture and Education. In addition, Tohari has given his
support to young writers in his recent endorsement of three new short story
compilations, and in the encouragement he has given to a group of writers
planning to set up an independent publishing house. Tohari continues to write,
and has stated his desire to write one more novel to match Ronggeng Dukuh
Paruk.
Short Stories
- Senyum Karyamin, Jakarta: Gramedia, 73p., 1989.
- Nyanyian Malam, Jakarta: Grasindo, 94p., 2000.
Novels
- Kubah, Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya, 1980
- Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk, Jakarta: Gramedia, 174p., 1982
- Lintang Kemukus Dini Hari, Jakarta: Gramedia, 211p., 1985
- Di Kaki Bukit Cibalak, Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya, 191p., 1986
- Lingkar Tanah Lingkar Air, Purwokerto: Harta Prima, 151p., 1995
Source: www.en.wikipedia.org
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